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Daṇḍa (Hindu punishment)
Daṇḍa ((サンスクリット:दण्ड)) is the Hindu equivalent of punishment. In ancient India, punishments were generally sanctioned by the ruler, but other legal officials could also play a part. The punishments that were handed out were in response to criminal activity. In the Hindu law tradition, there is a counterpart to daṇḍa which is prāyaścitta, or atonement. Where as daṇḍa is sanctioned primarily by the king, prāyaścitta is taken up by a person upon his or her own volition.〔Davis, Donald Jr. ''The Spirit of Hindu Law''〕 Furthermore, daṇḍa provides a way for an offender to right any violations of dharma that he or she may have committed. In essence, daṇḍa functions as the ruler's tool to protect the system of life stages and castes.〔 Daṇḍa makes up a part of vyavahāra, or legal procedure, which was also a responsibility afforded to the king.〔
==Purpose of Daṇḍa==
There were two main purposes for punishment in Hindu society. Incapacitation was the first purpose and was used to ensure that an offender would not be able to commit the same crime again. For example, the hands of a thief would be cut off. Deterrence was the second purpose of punishment. Criminals were punished to set an example to the public, in hopes of preventing future offenses.〔Doongaji, Damayanti. ''Crime and Punishment in Ancient Hindu Society''〕 Although these were the two main purposes of Hindu Law, other purposes such as rehabilitation were used as means of punishment and correction. Retribution is another theory of punishment; however, it does not have a prevalent role in Hindu punishment.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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